Lucy's coming for a drink this evening. NOT Lucy comes NOT l-phone you Tihere's the doorbell. I'll go. We can use the future progressive to say that something will be going on at a certain time in the future. This time tomorrow I'll be skiing. We'll be thinking of you on Saturday. Look at the pictures and say what he will be doing at different times tomorrow. Use expressions from the box. We can use the future progressive to ask politely'What have you already decided?
We can talk about the future by saying that something is to happen. We often use this structure to talk about official plans and fixed personal arrangements.
The President is to visit Scotland in September. We are to get a pay rise. I felt nervous because I was soon to leave home for the first time. Inspect guard of honour.
Tirana Schedule for Presidential Visit You are not to can be used for example by parents to give orders. You're to do your homework before you watch TV. She can go out, but she's not to be back late. Put together sentences that a parent might say to a child, using expressions from the two boxes and You're not to CM Level future in the past I was going to ring you yesterday. When we are talking about the past, we often want to say that something was still in the future at that time.
To express this idea, we can use the past progressive [was She was a little nervous, because she was flying to America the next day. Sorry -1 was going to tell you about Alice and Fred, but I forgot. I knew that woman would be trouble. They showed me the room where I was to sleep. My heart sank. I t was the last night at university; the last party.
The mood kept changing from happy to serious to sad and back again. We talked about the past, remembering good and bad times; and we talked about the future and what we 1. David 2. I saw him years later in a James Bond film: one of those anonymous bad guys who get killed in the first ten minutes. Alistair 4. And he 6. Chris Homer 7. The other Chris - the one we called 'egghead' He Two others My closest friend, Nigel, Later Do you know how to make God laugh?
Tell him your plans. I emptied my glass, said an emotional good-bye to everyone, and walked out into the future. We can use the future perfect to say that something will have been completed by a certain time in the future. The builder says he'll have finished the roof by Saturday. The car will soon have done , miles. We can use the future perfect progressive to say how long something will have continued by a certain time.
Next Christmas I'll have been teaching for twenty years. Q Write three sentences about yourself with the future perfect progressive. Q A romantic novelist writes page books. She writes ten pages a day, and takes no holidays. Use the future perfect to answer the questions. How much money will she have made altogether after her th book?
A boy left home for the first time to go to university. Look at the pictures, and write the promises he made to his parents.
Begin: I promise I'll Make sure you know the verbs in the box. Then look at the pictures and complete the sentences with is going to. Four of rules 1 -7 are correct. Q Present or future verbs? He always does. Ireland next month, visit 1 We could see that it. Google to find simple sentences beginning as follows. You fall! O Here are some sentences taken from real recorded conversations. Can you put the beginnings and ends together? A about you. B and then your kids will laugh at you.
C He'll fix it. H She'll just refuse to pay. HI Choose the correct forms to complete the sentences. I didn't like the look of him. She thought she. English has two'past'tenses. We often use it in stories. I sent ten emails yesterday. A man walked into the library and asked I wondered ifyou were free this evening.
How much did you want to spend, sir? I was wondering if I could use your phone. Where did we come from? M ost scientists now believe that our ancestors - the earliest Homo Sapiens - South Poles.
As these populations grew, they settled further and further along the sea coasts originated in Africa around , years ago. Other - dates are uncertain - these people gradually groups colonised Central Asia, Europe and East started migrating into the rest of the world. Asia, with some populations finding their way Some groups crossed the Red Sea sea levels across the Bering Strait, perhaps around 15, were much lower then because water was years ago, into North and South America.
Q Write the simple past. Write the simple past. With irregular verbs, you have to learn the simple past forms one by one see page Check them on page , and learn the ones that you don't know.
We use the simple past to talk about a complete action long or short. Joe got up at 7. Ellie phoned. I saw Bill. Jim while she. Put sentences together from the boxes. Can you make another sentence yourself? Rome Folkestone a supermarket 5 Ruth. We can use when in different ways with past tenses. When Amy came home, John was cooking supper. Amy came home during the cooking. When Amy came home, John cooked supper.
First Amy came home; then John cooked supper. Progressive forms are used mostly for temporary actions and situations. For longer, more permanent situations we prefer the simple past. Compare: When I walked in I found that water was running down the walls. Explorers believed that the river ran into the Atlantic.
We do not normally use the past progressive to talk about past habits, or to say how often something happened. I played a lot of tennis when I was younger. She rang the bell three times. NOT She was ringing Remember that some verbs are not used in progressive forms see page I tried the cake to see how it tasted.
Level Past tenses can make requests, questions and suggestions more polite. They sound less direct than present tenses. Simple past forms are common. Could I ask you to translate this for me? Make these sentences less direct. The police asked eight known criminals what they were doing at that time.
They all told lies. Study the pictures and complete the sentences, using the past progressive with expressions from the box. Complete the sentences with the correct tenses. Jane she. Q Polite past tenses. Circle the most polite forms. Complete the text with the verbs in the box there is one verb too many.
You will need five past progressives and three simple pasts. On the dance floor half a dozen couples 1. Most of them 2. The men wore white tuxedos and the girls wore bright eyes, ruby lips, and tennis or golf muscles. One couple3. Mitchell's mouth was open, he 4. Betty 5. It was very obvious that she had had about all of Mr Larry Mitchell that she could take. A Mexican waiter in a short green jacket and white pants with a green stripe down the side 6.
Raymond Chandler: Playback adapted. A Write the simple past forms. Look at the picture, and choose the correct caption. A Somebody was stealing his wallet while he was having lunch. B Somebody was stealing his wallet while he had lunch.
C Somebody stole his wallet while he had lunch. D Somebody stole his wallet while he was having lunch. ID Correct or not? It went to Birmingham, not Manchester.. Change the verbs in italics to make these sentences less direct.
I've written to John, so he knows what's happening. I have been baking since breakfast time. Yesterday I found some old postcards that Kate had sent to me from Italy. When Ann arrived I had been waiting for 25 minutes. There are some small differences ii American English. Q he Greek athlete Spiridon Louis won the Olympic marathon in in 2 hours in 2 hours 15 minutes 25 seconds: faster than any man had run up to !
There has been 58 minutes 50 seconds. A little over a similar progress over the last century at all century later, the great Ethiopian runner Haile other distances, from the half marathon down Gebrselassie ran the same distance in less than to the sprints. In contrast, the womans marathon record stood at around horse race results have scarcely changed at 2 hours 55 minutes; in the Norwegian all. In spite of all their trainers efforts, horses Grete Waitz broke two and a half hours.
And run little faster now than they did a century less than a quarter of a century later, the ago. What is happening? Why are we the only Englishwoman Paula Radcliffe ran a marathon animals that are speeding up? Regular past participles end in -ed, like simple past forms for spelling rules, see page Write as many of the irregular past participles as you can. The present perfect connects the past and the present.
We use it especially for finished actions that are important now. I can't walk - I've hurt my leg. Have you heard? He's arrived! Look - he hasn't drunk his tea. You've passed your exam! Compare: Brutus killed Caesar. We can often change a present perfect sentence into a present sentence with more or less the same meaning.
I've hurt my leg. Sue's come back. He's lost his keys. He's gone. Sbepr F ife phoned Ann, so she knows what's going on. IW made coffee. Would you like a cup? Come and look - I've painted the kitchen. My grandfather worked for a phone company.
He's dead now; I'm not thinking about the present. I'm not talking about the present. I'm thinking only about last week. Q Read the sentences and the questions, and circle the correct answers. Has she got the car now? Is she there now? Is there coffee now? Is there tea now? Is she here now? Is he there now? Is the shop still in business? Is he taking lessons now?
Is the dog at home now? Is she with the doctor now? Has he got his glasses now? Has she got any hair now? Q Circle the correct verb forms. Wduld you like some? Revise revise the basics: tenses with time words. We don't normally use the present perfect with words for a finished time. I've met a really nice man. A plane has disappeared over the Atlantic. Circle the words for a finished time. What has happened? We can use the present perfect to ask if things have happened up to now, or to say that they haven't happened up to now.
This often happens with words for an unfinished time: for example today, ever, never, yet. Has the boss phoned today? Have you ever broken your leg7 Have you ever been to Paris? We haven't been to Scotland this year.
Mary hasn't written to me yet. Recently, lately and before can be used like this. I've never been there. Have you heard from Phil recently? Q Circle the correct tense. Vote the word order: already comes after have. I've already had some. Note the word order: yet usually comes at the end of a sentence. Have you paid the electrician yet? Just comes after have, ve just heard from the tax office. The snow has just stopped. A fawtous pop star has jucst died. Write five things that you haven't done yet.
Where's Serena? Some expressions can refer either to an unfinished or to a finished time. The tense depends on the meaning. Compare: I haven't seen Carl this morning, said in the morning I didn't see Carl this morning, said in the afternoon I've made lots of friends at university, said by a student I made lots of friends at university, said by an ex-student.
Read the sentences and circle the correct answers. A Yes. Bj No. T've been to sleep three times during the lesson. A During the lesson. B After the lesson. T didn't travel much in December. A In December. B Later. A In the morning. A In the afternoon.
We can think of a finished or unfinished time without putting the time in words. Compare: Did you see 'Hamlet'? It was on TV last night. Have you seen 'Hamlet'? America: the native Americans already. Shakespeare his first job?
Note the difference between gone to and been to. Alex has gone to Rome. He's there now. Sorry I'm late.
I've been to the shops. And come back. He started 8 weeks ago. C Look at the pictures and complete the sentences. In fact, I. Make sure you know all the words in the box. Then write sentences to say how often you have been to the different kinds of entertainment. We ia. CM Level news We've found oil in the garden!
We often use the present perfect to give news: to tell people about new things that have happened. The Prime Minister has arrived in Washington for talks with the President.
Jessica has bought a new car. A plane has crashed at Heathrow Airport. Some new people have moved into the house next door. When John Wells arrived home from work, his family gave him a lot of news. London for a two-day visit to Berlin. We've found oil in the garden. BUT l. Level 1 When we first give news, 2 When we give or ask for more past we often use the present perfect.
A plane has crashed in Yorkshire. The Prime Minister has met business leaders. Stephanie has gone to Australia. She left last night. Where were they? Joe has left home. OR Joe left home last week. OR When did they arrive? Q Put in present perfect and simple past verbs. Revise revise the basics: present perfect progressive; since, for.
We have been living here since April. John's been working in the bank for three months. We use the present perfect progressive with most verbs to say how long things have been continuing up to now.
We do not use a present tense with this meaning. I've been learning English for four years. It's been snowing since Tuesday. Have you been waiting long? Use the present perfect progressive. English since I was six. I wish he'd stop. We can say how long with since or for.
We use since when we give the beginning of the time for example since Tuesday. We use for when we give the length of the time for example for three days. It's been snowing for three days. I've been working here since last week.
I've only been working here for a short time. He's been waiting for a visa since April. He's been waiting for six months. Put in since or for. August 2. Monday 6. Use for or since. Now it's May. Now it's Friday, for. We can use the present perfect progressive just to say how we have been filling our time up to now , especially when we talk about present results.
You look tired. We've been playing a lot of tennis in the last few weeks. I've been painting the ceiling. We use the present perfect mostly for finished actions.
We use the present perfect progressive mostly for unfinished actions continuing up to now often when we say how long. Mike has learnt how to cook spaghetti. Jane has been learning Greek since August. I've read your book. I've been reading your book: I'm enjoying it. I've written to John, so he knows everything. The children have been writing letters all day. We use the present perfect to say how much or how often. We've been travelling all this year.
I've played tennis three times this week. I've been playing a lot of tennis recently. The present perfect progressive can also be used for longer, more permanent situations. However, we often prefer a simple present perfect, especially when we are talking about unchanging states rather than actions.
Compare: He's been standing there for hours. The castle has stood on this hill for years. Circle the best answer. Both are correct, but one is more probable. Level -an-progressive verbs see page NOT I've been being NOT How-long have you been having We've only known each other for two weeks.
NOT We've only beenknowmg Make present perfect questions with How long? C Put in the present perfect or present perfect progressive. Write sentences. How long have you had things? Ve had. Don't confuse: How long have you been here [for? IN Level simple past and present perfect: summary. I hated school. When did you stop smoking? NOT When have you stopped-smoking? The waiter asked She took it off the table. Tim has had an accident.
He fell off his bicycle when he was going to work. Jane has found my glasses, so I can see again. The Prime Minister has left for Paris. My father has often tried to stop smoking.
Has Peter said anything to you? Have you ever seen a ghost? I've never seen one. She's getting married. We've had our car for seven years. I've known Jake since NOT I know Jake since ? I've been learning English since last summer. We've been driving for three hours - it's time for a rest. DON'T use a present tense to say how long. I've been living here since January. NOT I'm living-here since January. I've been travelling. To make the past perfect, put had with the past participle worked, seen, lost etc.
She didn't write to Steve because she'd lost his address. It was a song that I hadn't heard before. We use the past perfect when we are already talking about the past, and want to talk about an earlier past time. I bought a ticket and went up to the platform. But the train had already left. We couldn't understand why Simon hadn't paid for the car.
It was empty. Natalie had gone home. Susie wondered if anyone had told Oliver. Put in the simple past or the past perfect. Before that, she. We often use the past perfect with when and after to show that something was completely finished before something else happened. When he had painted the kitchen and bathroom, he decided to have a rest. After i had finished the report, i realised that it was too late to email it.
Jack finished his lunch. He sat down to watch a film, when sat dowiA, to. I went on a trip round America. He tried on six pairs of shoes. He decided he liked the first ones best, after.
I washed and dried the last plate. Paul came in and offered to help, after. He went to the cafe in the square for a cup of coffee. He said goodbye to the visitors, after.
HI Grammar in a text. Choose the correct tense simple past or past perfect. I 2 arrive. I 4 spend. As I was walking by the Seine, I suddenly 6 see.
I could tell she 9 not see. As she 12 turn. She is see. She 19 not be. She 23 arrive. The doctors 25 think. Both of us 26 have. And we could start by having a coffee while we 28 begin. When we are talking about a past time, we can use the past perfect progressive to talk about earlier situations which had continued up to that time.
All the roads were blocked: it had been snowing all night long. After I had been walking for an hour, I decided to have a rest She got ill because she had been working too hard. Rachel could see that the child had been crying for some time. Q Grammar in a text. Complete the newspaper report with past perfect progressives.
Choose verbs from the box. John Latton, 39, an engineer at Felton 2. Mr Latton fell asleep while after the engineer Ambulance workers said that if Mr Latton the road. On Tuesday afternoon, everyone in my family was very busy - except me.
During the afternoon Helen repaired her car; Robert practised his karate; Kate did some gardening; Stephanie played tennis; Roger swam for half an hour; Rebecca went horse-riding; Philip painted the ceiling in his room light blue.
I spent the afternoon sitting reading. This is the first time that I've heard her sing. NOT This is the first time that I hear her sing. This is the second time you've asked me the same question.
NOT This is the second time you ask That's the fifth cake you've eaten this morning. It was the third time he had been in love that year. NOT It was the third time he was in love It was one of the best books I had ever read. John didn't enjoy his first week in the army. He had never been away from home before; he had never worn a uniform; he had never made his own bed; he had never cleaned his own boots; he had never fired a gun, and he hated the noise; he had never walked more than a mile.
You won't be the first dog I've kicked today. Put together sentences from the box to make news items. Choose the right tenses. A light passenger plane crash in Surrey.
Five thousand fans be at the airport. She be at a friend's house in Birmingham. According to eyewitnesses, the aircraft hit a tree while coming in to land. He say I was just the person he needed. Novelist Maria Santiago marry actor Tony Delaney. Police find missing schoolgirl Karen Allen. She cover the 42 km in just over 2 hours and 11 minutes. The World Cup team arrive home.
They fall just before reaching the summit of Mont Blanc 4, m. Two prisoners escape from Caernarvon high security prison. They meet while working on the screenplay for the film Sun in the Morning. They steal dustmen's uniforms and walked out through the main gate. Three climbers die in the Alps. A light palam has crashed Lia, Surrey. Look at the pictures and say what the people have been playing. Use the verbs in the box; look them up in a dictionary if necessary.
Q Time up to now, or not. Complete these sentences in any way you like. U Grammar in a text. Circle the correct answers. But the new job would be interesting, and very well paid. Hope things are OK with you. The doctor l come. He 2 not like. I 3 tell. I 4 lie. I 5 never be. And the weather's terrible. It 6 rain. Don't know why - I'm sure I 8 pay. Alice 9 get. She won't know what to do with herself, will she? Lucy Watson li move. Since Fred 12 die. It 14 be. I'm sorry she 15 go. Amy 19 leave.
My cleaning lady, you remember? I'm glad. She 20 not be.. There 25 not be. Some new people 26 take. They seem quite nice. Hope they're more efficient than old Joe. No more news. Write when you've got the time.
Two of rules 1 -5 are true. O Past perfect. John loses things. Here are some of the problems he had on a visit to London. Complete the sentences using words from the box. Which of rules 1 -5 gives the best explanation for the use of the past perfect? Circle the best verb forms in the cartoon captions. Can you make a present-tense sentence about the situation in the first cartoon?
Google to see which of the following are more common. Then try the exercise again with some more verbs. Put the two sentences together, beginning with after. Then I watched television for an hour or so. After I. Then we took a vote.
Then he bought something for himself as well. Q Imagine these sentences are spoken today. Read them and answer the questions. I hope everything's OK with you. The man who interviewed me said that he 2 receive.
Do you know, I 3 have. It's really depressing. I 4 try. I 6 see. Sally a few weeks ago. She and Tom 7 just come back. They went to the same place that they 8 go. According to eyewitnesses, it.
Pam Marshall's latest book? We use them before other verbs to express certain meanings - for example permission, ability, possibility, certainty. Modals have different grammar from other verbs. This is used mainly to talk about possibilities in the past; the exact meaning depends on me particular modal.
There is no stone left unturned when it comes to the English language. All kinds of problems are solved, including tenses, verbs, adverbs, clauses, superlatives, and questions. You are encouraged to spot patterns and sequences in language to see the similarities and develop greater understanding. After an intensive review, test yourself with a range of speaking, reading, and writing exercises to see how far you have come. This essential grammar e-guide is part of DK's English for Everyone series, an exciting and educational self-study course to build up confidence and fluency.
Series Overview: English for Everyone series teaches all levels of English, from beginner to advanced, to speakers of English as a second language. Innovative visual learning methods introduce key language skills, grammar, and vocabulary, which are reinforced with a variety of speaking, reading, and writing exercises to make the English language easier to understand and learn. Visit www. Puzzled by past tenses? Confused by comparatives? This clearly structured and beautifully presented workbook is packed with grammar practice activities that make learning English grammar incredibly easy.
The English for Everyone Grammar Guide Practice Book is an essential companion to the English for Everyone Grammar Guide, a comprehensive reference book that makes even the trickiest grammar rules clear and simple.
The Practice Book mirrors the unit-by-unit structure of the Grammar Guide. Each Practice Book unit is full of carefully graded grammar exercises to drill and reinforce the grammar you have learned in the corresponding Grammar Guide unit.
These exercises will help you build up your confidence and become more fluent, giving you the chance to practice using the most important English grammar constructions again and again.
Ideal for students at all levels, the English for Everyone Grammar Guide Practice Book covers basic, intermediate, and advanced English grammar in one easy-to-navigate book. Like all books in the innovative English for Everyone series, it uses a visual learning method: many of the exercises are accompanied by attractive illustrations that put grammar practice points into context and give you visual cues to help you understand the exercises.
0コメント